Publications

1. Kumar DS, Bialek A, Divecha AA, Garn RM, Currie LEJ, Friel KM. A seated virtual exercise program to improve cardiovascular function in adults with chronic Front Rehabil Sci 2025; 6:1477969. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2025.1477969. eCollection 2025. PMCID: PMC11979118.

2. Novak I, Fahey M, Dan B, Craig S, Griffin A, Gross P, Justiniano MD, Webb A, Namara MM, Nielsen JB, Snelling T, Ritterband-Rosenbaum A, Shrader MW; CP Global Clinical Trials Network. Answering the call: co-designing a global trials network for cerebral palsy. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2024;44:101015. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101015. PMCID: 11496963.

3. Kumar DS, Perez G, Friel KM. Adults with Cerebral Palsy: Navigating the Complexities of Aging. Brain Sci. 2023 Sep 8;13(9):1296. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13091296. PMCID: PMC10526900.

4. Delfing D, Chin K, Hentrich L, Rachwani J, Friel KM, Santamaria V, Imms C, Gordon AM. Assessing Engagement in Rehabilitation: Development, Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness to Change of the Rehabilitation Observation Measure of Engagement (ROME). Disability and Rehabilitation 2023 May 10;1-10. PMCID: PMC9378490.

5. Duff SV, Kimbel JD, Grant-Beuttler M, Sukal-Moulton T, Moreau NG, Friel KM. Lifelong Fitness in Ambulatory Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy II: Influencing the Trajectory. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jun 15;13(6):504. PMCID: PMC10294902.

6. Moreau NG, Friel KM, Fuchs RK, Dayanidhi S, Sukal-Moulton T, Grant-Beuttler M, Peterson MD, Stevenson RD, Duff SV. Lifelong Fitness in Ambulatory Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy I: Key Ingredients for Bone and Muscle Health. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jun 28;13(7):539. PMCID: PMC10294902.

7. Au KLK, Knitter JL, Morrow-McGinty S, Campos TC, Carmel JB, Friel KM. Combining Unimanual and Bimanual Therapies for Children with Hemiparesis: Is There an Optimal Delivery Schedule? Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jun 9;13(6):490. PMCID: PMC10294902.

8. Shahane V, Kumavor P, Morgan K, Friel KM, Srinivasan S. A protocol for a single-arm interventional study assessing the effects of a home-based joystick-operated ride-on-toy navigation training program to improve affected upper extremity function and spontaneous use in children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP). BMJ Open 2023;13:e071742. doi:10.11. PMCID: PMC9378490.

9. Divecha AA, Bialek A, Kumar DS, Garn RM, Currie LEJ, Campos T, Friel KM. Effects of a 12-week, seated, virtual, home-based tele-exercise programme compared with a prerecorded video-based exercise programme in people with chronic neurological impairments: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023 24;13(1):e065032. PMCID: PMC9378490.

10. Basu A, Friel K, Olusanya B, Hadders-Algra M. Viewing disability: Seeing the other side. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023;65(4):443-445. PMCID: PMC9378490. Also published online in French, Spanish, and Portugese.

11. Araneda R, Ebner-Karestinos D, Dricot L, Herman E, Hatem SM, Friel KM, Gordon AM, Bleyenheuft Y. Impact of early brain lesions on the optic radiations in children with cerebral palsy. Front Neurosci 2022 5;16:924938. PMCID: PMC9378490

12. Kuo H-C, Ferre CL, Chin KY, Friel KM, Gordon AM. Mirror movements and brain pathology in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023 Feb;65(2):264-273. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15322.

13. Frost SB, Chen D, Barbay S, Friel KM, Plautz EJ, Nudo RJ. Reorganization of Ventral Premotor Cortex After Ischemic Brain Injury: Effects of Forced Use. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2022 13:15459683221101622. PMCID: PMC9378490. 

14. Gordon AM, Ferre CL, Robert MT, Chin K, Brandao M, Friel KM. HABIT+tDCS: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the synergistic efficacy of hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) plus targeted non-invasive brain stimulation to improve upper extremity function in school-age children with unilateral cerebral palsy. BMJ Open. 2022 Feb 21;12(2):e052409. PMCID: PMC8860006.

15. Park C, Oh-Park M, Bialek A, Friel K, Edwards D, You JSH. Abnormal synergistic gait mitigation in acute stroke using an innovative ankle-knee-hip interlimb humanoid robot: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021 Nov 24;11(1):22823. PMCID: PMC8613200.

16. Gutterman J, Lee-Miller T, Friel KM, Dimitropoulou K, Gordon AM. Anticipatory Motor Planning and Control of Grasp in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Brain Sci. 2021 Aug 31;11(9):1161. PMCID: PMC8465927.

17. Robert MT, Ferre CL, Chin KY, Brandao MB, Carmel J, Araneda R, Bleyenheuft Y, Friel K, Gordon AM. Intensive Bimanual Intervention for Children Who Have Undergone Hemispherectomy: A Pilot Study. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2021 Jul 1;33(3):120-127. DOI: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000804.

18. Friel KM, Ferre CL, Brandao M, Kuo HC, Chin K, Hung YC, Robert MT, Flamand VH, Smorenburg A, Bleyenheuft Y, Carmel JB, Campos T, Gordon AM. Improvements in Upper Extremity Function Following Intensive Training Are Independent of Corticospinal Tract Organization in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Clinical Randomized Trial. Front Neurol. 2021 May 3;12:660780. PMCID: PMC8127842.

19. Robert MT, Gutterman J, Ferre CL, Chin K, Brandao MB, Gordon AM, Friel K. Corpus Callosum Integrity Relates to Improvement of Upper-Extremity Function Following Intensive Rehabilitation in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021 Jun;35(6):534-544. PMID: 33955304.

20. Araneda R, Dricot L, Ebner-Karestinos D, Paradis J, Gordon AM, Friel KM, Bleyenheuft Y. Brain activation changes following motor training in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: An fMRI study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2021 May;64(3):101502. DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101502.

21. Shoval H, Friel K, Levin J, Kim H. Cumulative Efficacy of Longitudinal Repeat Salivary Gland OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection: A Retrospective Study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Aug 1;100(8):798-802. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001675.

22. Bleyenheuft Y, Dricot L, Ebner-Karestinos D, Paradis J, Saussez G, Renders A, De Volder A, Araneda R, Gordon AM, Friel KM. Motor Skill Training May Restore Impaired Corticospinal Tract Fibers in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2020 Jun;34(6):533-546. DOI: 10.1177/1545968320918841.

23. Ferre CL, Carmel JB, Flamand VH, Gordon AM, Friel KM. Anatomical and Functional Characterization in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: An Atlas-Based Analysis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2020 Feb;34(2):148-158. PMCID: PMC8158652.

24. Hung YC, Spingarn A, Friel KM, Gordon AM. Intensive Unimanual Training Leads to Better Reaching and Head Control than Bimanual Training in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2020;40(5):491-505. DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2020.1712513.

25. Hung YC, Robert MT, Friel KM, Gordon AM. Relationship Between Integrity of the Corpus Callosum and Bimanual Coordination in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Sep 24;13:334. PMCID: PMC6769084.

26. Shoval H, Levin J, Friel KM, Kim H. Safety of Combined Salivary Gland and Multilevel Intramuscular OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections with and without Ethanol in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Study.  Develop Med Child Neurol 2019;12(2):189-196. DOI: 10.3233/PRM-180552.

27. Gerber MB, McLean AC, Stephen SJ, Chalco AG, Arshad UM, Thickbroom G. Silverstein J, Tsagaris KZ, Kuceyeski A, Friel KM, Santos TEG, Edwards DJ. NeuroMeasure: a software package for quantification of cortical motor maps using frameless stereotaxic transcranial magnetic stimulation. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 2019; 16:13-23. PMCID: PMC6499165.

28. Araneda R, Ebner-Karenstinos D, Paradis J, Saussez G, Friel KM, Gordon AM, Bleyenheuft Y. Reliability and responsiveness of Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function and Box and Block Test for children with cerebral palsy. Develop Med Child Neurol 2019; 61(10):1182-1188. PMCID: PMC8284844.

29. Nemanich S, Rich TL, Gordon AM, Friel KM, Gillick BT. Bimanual skill learning after transcranial direct current stimulation in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a brief report.  Devel Neurorehabil. 2019; 22(7):504-508. PMCID: PMC6710148.

30. Rich TL, Nemanich S, Chen M, Friel KM, Feyma T, Krach LE, Nawshin T, Meekins G, Gillick BT. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paired with occupation-centered bimanual training in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A preliminary study.  Neural Plasticity. 2019; 9610812. PMCID: PMC6304908.

31. Ickx G, Hatem SM, Riquelme I, Friel KM, Henne C, Araneda R, Gordon AM, Bleyenheuft Y.  Impairments of Visuospatial Attention in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Neural Plasticity. 2018; 1435808. PMCID: PMC6311787.

32. Gillick BT, Gordon AM, Feyma T, Krach LE, Carmel J, Rich TL, Bleyenheuft Y, Friel KM. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Protocol and Risk Mitigation Guide. Front Pediatr. 2018; 6:56. PMCID: PMC5864860.

33. Hung YC, Friel KM, Gordon AM.  Response: Commentary: Skilled bimanual training drives motor cortex plasticity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018; 11:619. PMCID: PMC5736572.

34. Marneweck M, Kuo H-C, Smorenburg ARP, Ferre CL, Flamand V, Carmel JB, Gupta D, Bleyenheuft Y, Gordon AM, Friel KM. The relationship between hand function and overlapping motor representations of the hands in the contralesional hemisphere in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.  Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2018; 32:62-72. PMCID: PMC5943063.

35. Gupta D, Barachant A, Gordon AM, Ferre C, Kuo HC, Carmel JB, Friel KM. Effect of sensory and motor connectivity on hand function in pediatric hemiplegia. Ann Neurol. 2017; 82:766-780. PMCID: PMC5708868.

36. Kuo HC, Friel KM, Gordon AM. Neurophysiological mechanisms and functional impact of mirror movements in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017; 60:155-161. PMCID: PMC8331099.

37. Mourão LF, Friel KM, Sheppard JJ, Kuo HC, Luchesi KF, Gordon AM, Malandraki GA. The Role of the Corpus Callosum in Pediatric Dysphagia: Preliminary Findings from a Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Dysphagia. 2017; 32:703-713. DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9816-0.

38. Friel KM, Lee P, Soles LV, Smorenburg ARP, Kuo H-C, Edwards DJ. Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robotic upper limb therapy improves upper limb function in an adult with cerebral palsy.  NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 41:41-50. PMCID: PMC5546204.

39. Bleyenheuft Y, Ebner-Karestinos D, Surana B, Paradis J, Sidiropoulos A, Renders A, Friel KM, Brandao M, Rameckers E, Gordon AM. Intensive upper- and lower-extremity training for children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a quasi-randomized trial. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017; 59:625-633. DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13379. 

40. Kuo H-C, Ferre CL, Carmel JB, Gowatsky JL, Stanford AD, Rowny SB, Lisanby SH, Gordon AM, Friel KM.  Using diffusion tensor imaging to identify corticospinal tract projection patterns in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.  Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:65-71. PMCID: PMC5215687.

41. Smorenburg AR, Gordon AM, Kuo H-C, Ferre CL, Brandao M, Bleyenheuft Y, Carmel JB, Friel KM. Does corticospinal tract connectivity influence the response to intensive bimanual therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy?  Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2017; 31-250-260. PMCID: PMC5567681.

42. Krishnaswamy S, Coletti DJ, Berlin H, Friel KM. Feasibility of Using an Arm Weight–Supported Training System to Improve Hand Function Skills in Children With Hemiplegia. Amer J Occupat Ther 2016; 70:7006220050p1-7006220050p7. DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.018929.

43. Friel KM, Kuo HC, Fuller J, Ferre CL, Brandão M, Carmel JB, Bleyenheuft Y, Gowatsky JL, Stanford AD, Rowny SB, Luber B, Bassi B, Murphy DL, Lisanby SH, Gordon AM. Skilled Bimanual Training Drives Motor Cortex Plasticity in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 30:834-844. PMID: 26867559.

44. Kantarcigil C, Sheppard JJ, Gordon AM, Friel KM, Malandraki GA.  A telehealth approach to conducting clinical swallowing evaluations in children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil 2016; 55:207-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.04.008.

45. Frost SB, Chen D, Barbay S, Friel KM, Plautz EJ, Nudo RJ. Effects of Forced Use on the Ventral Premotor Cortex Distal Forelimb Representation After Ischemic Infarct in Primary Motor Cortex. PM R 2016 Sep;8(9S):S158. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.038.

46. Kuo HC, Gordon AM, Henrionnet A, Hautfenne S, Friel KM, Bleyenheuft Y. The effects of intensive bimanual training with and without tactile training on tactile function in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Res Dev Disabil 2016;49-50:129-39. PMCID: PMC4871715.

47. Bleyenheuft Y, Dricot L, Gilis N, Kuo HC, Grandin C, Bleyenheuft C, Gordon AM, Friel KM.  Capturing neuroplastic changes after bimanual intensive rehabilitation in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a combined DTI, TMS, and fMRI pilot study.  Res Dev Disabil 2015; 43-44:136-149. PMCID: PMC4871716.

48. Friel KM, Kuo H.C., Carmel J.B., Rowny S.B., Gordon A.M. Improvements in hand function after intensive training are not associated with corticospinal tract dysgenesis in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Exper Brain Res 2014; 232:2001-9. PMCID: PMC4037561.

49. Brandão MB, Ferre CL, Kuo H-C, Rameckers EA, Bleyenheuft Y, Hung YC, Friel KM, Gordon AM. Comparison of structured skill and unstructured practice during intensive bimanual training in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.  Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2014; 28:452-461. DOI: 10.1177/1545968313516871.

50. Friel KM, Chakrabarty S, Kuo H-C, Martin JH. Using motor behavior during an early critical period to restore skilled limb movement after damage to the corticospinal motor system during development. J Neurosci 2011; 32:9265-9276. PMCID: PMC3422625.

51. Gordon AM, Hung Y-C, Brandao M, Ferre CL, Kuo H-C, Friel KM, Petra E, Chinnan A, Charles JR. Bimanual Training and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2011; 25(8):692-702. DOI: 10.1177/1545968311402508.

52. Chakrabarty S, Friel KM, Martin JH. Activity-dependent plasticity improves M1 motor representation and corticospinal tract connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2009; 101:1283-93. PMCID: PMC2666405.  

53. Salimi I, Friel KM, Martin JH. Pyramidal tract stimulation restores normal corticospinal tract connections and visuomotor skill after early postnatal motor cortex activity blockade.  J Neurosci 2007; 28:7426-34. PMCID: PMC2567132.

54. Friel KM, Barbay S, Frost SB, Plautz EJ, Hutchinson DM, Stowe AM, Dancause N, Zoubina EV, Nudo RJ.  Effects of a rostral motor cortex lesion on primary motor cortex hand representation topography in primates.  Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007; 21:51-61. PMCID: PMC2743898.

55. Friel KM, Drew T, Martin JH. Differential activity-dependent development of corticospinal control of movement and final limb position during visually-guided locomotion.  J Neurophysiol 2007; 97:3396-3406. PMCID: PMC2740651.

56. Friel KM, Martin JH. Bilateral activity-dependent interactions in the developing corticospinal system.  J Neurosci 2007; 27:11083-11090. PMCID: PMC2740658.

57. Barbay S, Plautz EJ, Friel KM, Frost SB, Dancause N, Stowe AM, Nudo RJ.  Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of delayed training following a small ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex of squirrel monkeys.  Exper Brain Res 2006; 169:106-116. PMCID: PMC2740647.

58. Dancause N, Barbay S, Frost SB, Plautz EJ, Stowe AM, Friel KM, Nudo RJ.  Ipsilateral connections of the ventral premotor cortex in a new world primate.  J Comp Neurol 2006; 495:374-390. PMCID: PMC2583355.

59. Dancause N, Barbay S, Frost SB, Plautz EJ, Popescu M, Dixon PM, Stowe AM, Friel KM, Nudo RJ.  Topographically divergent and convergent connectivity between premotor and primary motor cortex.  Cereb Cortex 2006; 16:1057-1068. PMID: 16221929.

60. Friel KM, Barbay S, Frost SB, Plautz EJ, Hutchinson DM, Stowe AM, Dancause N, Zoubina EV, Quaney BM, Nudo RJ.  Dissociation of deficits after rostral vs. caudal lesions in the primary motor cortex hand representation.  J Neurophysiol 2005; 94:1311-1323. DOI: 10.1152/jn.01251.2004.

61. Friel KM, Martin JH. Role of sensory-motor cortex activity in postnatal development of corticospinal axon terminals in the cat.  J Comp Neurol 2005; 485:43-56. DOI: 10.1002/cne.20483.

62. Frost, SB, Barbay S, Friel KM, Plautz EJ, Nudo RJ.  Reorganization of remote cortical regions after ischemic brain injury: a potential neural substrate for stroke recovery. J Neurophysiol 2003; 89(6):3205-3214. DOI: 10.1152/jn.01143.2002

63. Plautz EJ, Barbay S, Frost SB, Friel KM, Dancause N, Zoubina EV, Stowe AM, Quaney BM, Nudo, RJ.  Post-infarct cortical plasticity and behavioral recovery using concurrent cortical stimulation and rehabilitative training:  a feasibility study in primates. 2003; Neurolog Res 25:801-810. DOI: 10.1179/016164103771953880.

64. Nudo RJ, Friel KM, Delia SW.  Role of sensory deficits in motor impairments after injury to primary motor cortex.  Neuropharmacol 2000; 39(5):733-742. DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00254-3.

65. Heddings AA, Friel KM, Plautz EJ, Barbay S, Nudo RJ. Factors contributing to motor impairment and recovery after stroke.  Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2000; 14(4):301-310. DOI: 10.1177/154596830001400406.

66. Friel KM, Heddings AA, Nudo RJ.  Effects of postlesion experience on behavioral and neurophysiologic reorganization after cortical injury in primates.  Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2000; 14(3):187-198. DOI: 10.1080/08990229870745.

67. Friel KM, Nudo RJ.  Recovery of motor function after cortical injury in primates:  compensatory movement patterns used during rehabilitation.  Somatosens Mot Res 1998; 15(3):173-189. PMID: 9874517.

1. Metelski N, Gu Y, Quinn L, Friel KM, Gordon AM. Safety and efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation for the upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Develop Med Child Neurol 2023. 66(5):573-587. 

2. Kumar DS, Perez G, Friel KM. Adults with cerebral palsy: navigating the complexities of aging. Brain Sci. 2023 Sep 8;13(9):1296. PMCID: PMC10526900.

3. Friel KM, Williams PT, Serradj N, Chakrabarty S, Martin JH.  Activity-based therapies for repair of the corticospinal system injured during development.  Front Neurol  eCollection 2014; 5:229. PMCID: PMC4241838.

4. Friel KM, Chakrabarty S, Martin, JH. Pathophysiological mechanisms of impaired limb use and repair strategies for motor systems after unilateral injury of the developing brain.  Dev Med Child Neurol 2014; 4:27-31. DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12303.

5. Martin JH, Chakrabarty S, Friel KM. Harnessing activity-dependent plasticity to repair the damaged corticospinal tract in an animal model of cerebral palsy.  Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53 Suppl 4:9-13. PMCID: PMC3187875.

6. Martin JH, Friel KM, Salimi I, Chakrabarty S.  Activity- and use-dependent plasticity of the developing corticospinal system.  Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2007; 31:1125-1135. PMCID: PMC2769920.

7. Nudo, RJ, Larson DM, Plautz EJ, Friel KM.  A squirrel monkey model of post-stroke motor recovery, ILAR Journal 2003; 44(2):161-174. DOI: 10.1093/ilar.44.2.161.

8. Nudo RJ, Friel KM.  Cortical plasticity after stroke: implications for rehabilitation.  Revue Neurologique (Paris) 1999; 155(9):713-717. PMID: 10528355.

1. Gillick BT, Friel KM, Menk J, Rudser K. Therapeutic Brain Stimulation Trials in Children With Cerebral Palsy.  In: A Kirton and DL Gilbert (eds) Pediatric Brain Stimulation: Mapping and Modulating the Developing Brain, pp. 209-235. Academic Press Elsevier; 2016.

2. Carmel JB, Friel KM.  The Right Stimulation of the Right Circuits: Merging Understanding of Brain Stimulation Mechanisms and Systems Neuroscience for Effective Neuromodulation in Children. In: A Kirton and DL Gilbert (eds) Pediatric Brain Stimulation: Mapping and Modulating the Developing Brain, pp. 195-208. Academic Press Elsevier; 2016.

3. Friel KM, Gordon AM, Carmel JB, Kirton A, Gillick BT. Pediatric Issues in Neuromodulation: Safety, Tolerability and Ethical Considerations. In: A Kirton and DL Gilbert (eds) Pediatric Brain Stimulation: Mapping and Modulating the Developing Brain, pp. 132-181. Academic Press Elsevier; 2016.

4. Friel KM, Williams PT, Serradj N, Chakrabarty S, Martin JH.  Improving outcomes in cerebral palsy with early intervention: new translational approaches.  Front eBooks 2015; 229:336.

5. Gordon AM, Friel KM. Intensive training of upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy. In: J. Hermsdoerfer and DA Nowak (Eds) Sensorimotor Control of Grasping: Physiology and Pathophysiology, pp. 438-468.  Cambridge University Press; 2009.

6. Martin JH, Friel KM, Salimi I, Chakrabarty S.  Corticospinal Development. In: Squire LR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, volume 3, pp. 203-214. Oxford: Academic Press; 2009.

7. Nudo, RJ, Kleim JA, Friel KM. Functional remodeling of motor cortex after stroke.  Chapter 27,  In:  Cerebrovascular Disease: Momentum at the End of the Second Millennium, pp. 371-391, D. Choi, R.G. Dacey, C.Y. Hsu, and W.J. Powers, eds., Futura; 2001.